Question 1

Which of the following is correct regarding axoplasmic transport?

Accepted Answer

A)   The dynein molecule is involved in anterograde axoplasmic transport.
B)   Retrograde axoplasmic transport involves moving substances from the soma to the axon terminals.
C)   The kinesin molecule is involved in retrograde axoplasmic transport.
D)   Retrograde transport is half as fast as anterograde axoplasmic transport.
E)   Transport of materials occurs only in one direction.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 2

Regrowth of a damaged axon can occur more readily in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain because

Accepted Answer

A)   Schwann cells form barriers to axon regrowth.
B)   Schwann cells form cylinders through which new axons can grow and reinnervate a target cell nerve cell.
C)   Schwann cells generate a chemical signal that instructs nerve cells to die.
D)   Astrocytes form cylinders through which new axons can grow and reinnervate a target cell nerve cell.
E)   Oligodendroglia form barriers to axon regrowth.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Sodium ions will be pushed into a resting neuron by the forces of

Accepted Answer

A)   inactivation of potassium channels; diffusion.
B)   electrostatic pressure; sodium-potassium pump activation.
C)   sodium-potassium pump activation; diffusion.
D)   ion channel inactivation; diffusion.
E)   diffusion; electrostatic pressure.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

___________ are multi-function glial cells that participate in phagocytosis, provide lactate for cells, and structurally support neurons in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   Schwann
B)   Astrocytes
C)   Microglia
D)   Oligodendrocytes
E)   MicrotubulesF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 5

Which of the following was suggested as an advantage associated with myelination?

Accepted Answer

A)   Myelin changes the height of the action potential.
B)   Myelin increases the energy requirements of the nerve cell.
C)   Myelin slows down conduction speed.
D)   Myelin reduces the threshold for induction of an action potential.
E)   Myelin speeds up axon conduction speed.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

A change in the axon membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   depolarization.
B)   threshold potential.
C)   action potential.
D)   hyperpolarization.
E)   excitatory local potential.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is an important advantage associated with saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

A)   More sodium ions have to be pumped out of the cell after an action potential.
B)   Myelin allows the nerve cell to recycle neurotransmitter molecules.
C)   Less transmitter is required to send a message across the next synapse.
D)   Myelin speeds up the velocity at which an axon can conduct an action potential.
E)   Myelin requires that nerve cell axons be larger in order to conduct a signal rapidly.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 8

The primary symptom shown by Kathryn D. was

Accepted Answer

A)   severe nausea.
B)   inability to sleep.
C)   muscle weakness.
D)   distortions of memory.
E)   difficulty in recognizing facial displays of emotion.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Explain why the termination step of the neural communication process is a key target for therapeutic drugs.

Accepted Answer

The postsynaptic action of many neurotra...

Question 10

Explain how changes in ion movements can result in an action potential.

Accepted Answer

At rest, the interior of the axon membra...

Question 11

Action potentials are generated at the _______ and are conducted along the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   axon hillock; axon
B)   axon; dendrite
C)   terminal buttons; dendrite
D)   dendrite; glial membrane
E)   axon button; glial membraneF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 12

Match the correct function with the neuronal organelle.

Accepted Answer

A)   mitochondria; production of fat-like molecules
B)   mitochondria; formation of vesicles
C)   endoplasmic reticulum; breakdown of proteins
D)   microtubules; transport of molecules between the soma and the axon terminals
E)   Golgi apparatus; extraction of energy for cell useF) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 13

_______ are located only within the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sensory
B)   Motor
C)   Relay interneurons
D)   Projection neurons
E)   Schwann cellsF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Motor neurons control the activity of the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Motor neurons control the activity of the...

Question 15

Autoreceptors are located on the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Golgi apparatus
B)   presynaptic membrane
C)   endoplasmic reticulum
D)   postsynaptic membrane
E)   mitochondriaF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following structures is the site of production of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)   vesicles
B)   ribosomes
C)   genes
D)   myeline
E)   the nucleolusF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Nerve cells are able to rapidly metabolize fuel because

Accepted Answer

A)   of their capacity to store glucose in the cytoplasm.
B)   neurons receive lactate from astrocytes.
C)   glial cells can transfer ATP into neurons.
D)   brain blood vessels can convert glucose into lactate for neuron use.
E)   glial cell mitochondria process fuel for the neuron.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 18

Sodium ions move out of the axon because of

Accepted Answer

A)   the opening of sodium channels.
B)   the opening of voltage-gated channels.
C)   kinesin.
D)   electrostatic pressure.
E)   the sodium-potassium transporter.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 19

In order to produce a depolarization or hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, neurotransmitters

Accepted Answer

A)   diffuse widely in the brain to exert changes in metabolism.
B)   act through ionotropic receptors to activate a second-messenger.
C)   are released into the synapse from the cisternae.
D)   open ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane.
E)   alter ion channel activity for minutes.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Match up the correct receptor type and effect.

Accepted Answer

A)   metabotropic; direct opening of an ion channel
B)   ionotropic; more time required to open an ion channel
C)   metabotropic; G protein activation leads to activation of a second-messenger
D)   metabotropic; rapid opening of a single ion channel
E)   metabotropic; rapid short-lived effects on ion channelsF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Exam 2: Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

A change in the axon membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following structures is the site of production of proteins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary symptom shown by Kathryn D. was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

___________ are multi-function glial cells that participate in phagocytosis, provide lactate for cells, and structurally support neurons in the brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nerve cells are able to rapidly metabolize fuel because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is correct regarding axoplasmic transport?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium ions move out of the axon because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Autoreceptors are located on the ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Action potentials are generated at the _______ and are conducted along the _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regrowth of a damaged axon can occur more readily in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to produce a depolarization or hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, neurotransmitters

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match up the correct receptor type and effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium ions will be pushed into a resting neuron by the forces of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why the termination step of the neural communication process is a key target for therapeutic drugs.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe postsynaptic action of many neurotra...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain how changes in ion movements can result in an action potential.

Correct AnswerverifiedAt rest, the interior of the axon membra...View AnswerShow Answer

Motor neurons control the activity of the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was suggested as an advantage associated with myelination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the correct function with the neuronal organelle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ are located only within the central nervous system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an important advantage associated with saltatory conduction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Action potentials are generated at the _ and are conducted along the _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The postsynaptic action of many neurotra...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
At rest, the interior of the axon membra...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified