Question 1

Brainwashing is politically motivated violence specifically designed to instill feelings of helplessness in a population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In Asch's conformity experiment,the presence of one other person who gave the correct answer was enough to overcome agreement with the majority.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In the Stanford prison study,male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards.The researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky,developing emotional symptoms and physical ailments.
B)  about five percent of the guards became tyrannical,giving the prisoners electric shocks when they were slow in obeying.
C)  90 percent of the guards tried to be "tough but fair" and demanded that the tyrannical guards lighten up on the prisoners because it was only an experiment.
D)  the study was conducted in an unused wing of a real prison; therefore,the realistic atmosphere enhanced the role behavior of prisoners and guards.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Blaming the victim often results when a person strongly believes in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of responsibility.
B)  attribution of responsibility.
C)  social identity theory.
D)  just-world hypothesis.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

The philosopher Hannah Arendt,when covering the trial of Adolf Eichmann,used the phrase "the banality of evil" to explain how this Nazi officer supervised the deportation and death of millions of Jews.What does she mean by this phrase?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 6

Describe the experimental design of the conformity studies conducted by Solomon Asch.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 7

Juan believes that all Anglos are uptight and cold,and he won't listen to any evidence that contradicts his belief.This example illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  prejudice.
B)  ethnocentrism.
C)  stereotyping.
D)  self-serving bias.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Doni enters an elevator and stands in it facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door.Doni is violating:

Accepted Answer

A)  her gender role.
B)  a social role.
C)  a norm.
D)  a stereotype.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Lucas is making his way across a busy campus between classes.He notices smoke coming from the side of the cafeteria but figures that someone already called the fire department.What phenomenon does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  just-world hypothesis
B)  diffusion of responsibility
C)  deindividuation
D)  groupthinkE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Wise travelers use their knowledge of cultural differences to expand their understanding of human behavior,while avoiding the trap of stereotyping.What wisdom have you acquired about cultural differences from our chapter on social and cultural psychology?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 11

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Accepted Answer

A)  occupational differences,because 90 percent of lower-SES individuals and 55 percent of upper-SES individuals inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner."
B)  gender differences in a willingness to obey,because 75 percent of men but only 30 percent of women inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner."
C)  that more than 90 percent of the subjects in Spain and in the Netherlands inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner."
D)  that when the victim said that he had a heart ailment or screamed in agony,10 percent of the "teachers" inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner."E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Women are more likely to donate a kidney to save another person's life than men are.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Reports on overt attitudes toward prejudice:

Accepted Answer

A)  conclude that prejudice in the United States has remained steady for four decades.
B)  conclude that white attitudes toward integration have become steadily less favorable.
C)  show that male sexism is increasing in hostile sexism and decreasing in benevolent sexism.
D)  often are not accurate measures of prejudice.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

If you were being mugged in a public place,you would be more likely to get help if there were five people in the area rather than only one person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When President George W.Bush launched an invasion of Iraq,claiming that the country had weapons of mass destruction and was allied with Al-Qaeda,he and his team ignored evidence from intelligence agencies that neither claim was actually true.This error can be attributed to a process called.

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink.
B)  unanimity.
C)  self-censorship.
D)  conservativism.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

What important positive role do stereotypes play in human thinking?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 17

Entrapment is a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time,money,or effort.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In the prison study,almost all the guards became tyrannical,using harsh and abusive methods to interact with prisoners.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Methods of indoctrination include all of these elements EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the person is subjected to entrapment.
B)  all of the person's problems are reduced to one simple attribution.
C)  the person's past identity is strengthened.
D)  the person's access to information is severely controlled.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 20

The just-world hypothesis leads to a dispositional attribution called "blaming the victim."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

If you were being mugged in a public place,you would be more likely to get help if there were five people in the area rather than only one person.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When President George W.Bush launched an invasion of Iraq,claiming that the country had weapons of mass destruction and was allied with Al-Qaeda,he and his team ignored evidence from intelligence agencies that neither claim was actually true.This error can be attributed to a process called.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women are more likely to donate a kidney to save another person's life than men are.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The philosopher Hannah Arendt,when covering the trial of Adolf Eichmann,used the phrase "the banality of evil" to explain how this Nazi officer supervised the deportation and death of millions of Jews.What does she mean by this phrase?

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

The just-world hypothesis leads to a dispositional attribution called "blaming the victim."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Asch's conformity experiment,the presence of one other person who gave the correct answer was enough to overcome agreement with the majority.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reports on overt attitudes toward prejudice:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Doni enters an elevator and stands in it facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door.Doni is violating:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Entrapment is a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time,money,or effort.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Stanford prison study,male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards.The researchers found that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Methods of indoctrination include all of these elements EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What important positive role do stereotypes play in human thinking?

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the experimental design of the conformity studies conducted by Solomon Asch.

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

Wise travelers use their knowledge of cultural differences to expand their understanding of human behavior,while avoiding the trap of stereotyping.What wisdom have you acquired about cultural differences from our chapter on social and cultural psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

Blaming the victim often results when a person strongly believes in the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lucas is making his way across a busy campus between classes.He notices smoke coming from the side of the cafeteria but figures that someone already called the fire department.What phenomenon does this illustrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brainwashing is politically motivated violence specifically designed to instill feelings of helplessness in a population.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan believes that all Anglos are uptight and cold,and he won't listen to any evidence that contradicts his belief.This example illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the prison study,almost all the guards became tyrannical,using harsh and abusive methods to interact with prisoners.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A good answer will include the following...
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A good answer will include the following...
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A good answer will include the following...
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