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Exam 7: Diagnostic Statistics

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Question 1

True/False

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Perfect accuracy of a test is indicated by an area under the curve of 1.0, indicating that the sensitivity is 100% and the false-negative rate is 0%.

A) True
B) False

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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What is true of exposed event risk and control event risk? Select all that apply.

A) These terms are used to indicate the risk of developing a given condition after receiving an exposure or intervention or not receiving an exposure or intervention.
B) The exposed event risk examines the percentage of subjects developing a condition following an intervention, thus dividing the number of event occurrences by the sum of event and nonevent occurrences in the intervention group.
C) The control event risk examines the percentage of subjects developing a given condition without an intervention.
D) The computation is identical to the exposed event risk, but the event risk is assessed in the intervention group.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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A, B, C

Question 3

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The term that refers to an accuracy measure of a clinical test that takes into account all cutoff scores in your investigation and provides the probability that the test result will positively identify a condition is called ________________________.

The term that is defined as the score that indicates the number of persons who actually have the condition but receive negative results on a clinical test is called _______________________.

Which is the formula for figuring out the specificity test value?

The term that is defined as the percentage of persons who do not have the attribute or disease who receive negative test results is called ________________________.

The notation used for the false-negative rate is ________________________.

The major limitation to predictive values is that you cannot transfer predictive values between populations with different prevalence rates.

A positive likelihood ratio value greater than 2 may be meaningful in diagnosing a condition, but you can feel confident that a clinical test result will rule in a condition as the value approaches and rises to more than 5.

What does a lower negative ratio value tell you?

Diagnostic Statistics for Balance Impairments with Chronic Ankle Instability fN, false negative; fP, false positive; NLR, negative likelihood ratio; NPV, negative predictive value; PLR, positive likelihood ratio; PPV, positive predictive value; tN, true negative; tP, true positive. According to the table, what is true of the negative post-test probability test value? Select all that apply.

The term that is computed as 1 minus the value of the negative predictive value is called ________________________.

Likelihood ratios have a distinct advantage over positive and negative predictive values in that this statistic transcends patient populations and allows clinical applicability to populations with different prevalence rates.

Which is NOT true about positive predictive value?

What does a 0.92 specificity test value mean for chronic ankle instability?

When using diagnostic tests, you want tests with a high percentage of sensitivity and subjectivity.

The term that is defined as the comparison of the true-positive rate with the false-positive rate is called ________________________.

A receiving operating characteristic curve is a useful technique for determining appropriate cutoff scores that accurately distinguish between persons with and without a condition.

High predictive values rule in a condition, whereas predictive values rule out a condition.

With the Youden index, a value of 10 indicates a perfect test, and a value of 0 indicates a useless test.