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What did the artistic and intellectual trends of the inter-war years reflect?


A) A rejection of the avant-garde
B) A disillusionment with Western Civilization provoked by the horrors of the World War I
C) A realistic forms of art, as with the Dadaists
D) An acceptance of modern art forms, especially in Germany and Russia
E) A rediscovery of Romantic Realism as the major art movement in the West

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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German expressionists focused on the human costs and consequences of


A) the Russian Revolution.
B) secularism.
C) authoritarianism.
D) World War I.
E) capitalism.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Dadaism attempted to capture the


A) nature of love.
B) purposelessness of life.
C) agony of war.
D) spirit of nature.
E) essence of God.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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After World War I, Great Britain and ____ divided up many of Germany's colonial possessions.


A) Spain
B) the United States
C) France
D) the Soviet Union
E) the Netherlands

F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

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Turkish forces created a new republic of Turkey in 1923 under the leadership of General Mustafa Kemal.

A) True
B) False

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In 1926 Mussolini's government


A) began deporting Italian Jews.
B) outlawed all anti-Fascist parties.
C) began a series of attacks on the Catholic Church.
D) signed an alliance with the Soviet Union.
E) went to war with Austria.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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For Carl Jung, the unconscious was an opening to deep spiritual needs.

A) True
B) False

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How did radio and movies contribute to the development of mass culture?

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Radio and movies played a significant ro...

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What was the dominant form of government in eastern Europe in the 1920s and 1930s?


A) Authoritarianism
B) Russian Soviet-style Communism
C) Parliamentary democracy
D) Christian Socialism
E) Totalitarian Fascism

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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The film Triumph of the Will , which serves as an example of the propaganda potential of film, is a product of


A) Stalin's Soviet Union.
B) Mussolini's Italy.
C) Franco's Spain.
D) Hitler's Germany.
E) Salazar's Portugal.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Compare and contrast the British, French, and American responses to the Great Depression.

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The British, French, and American respon...

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What best describes the status of women in Mussolini's Fascist Italy?


A) Women were coerced into factory work to aid industrial production.
B) Women were regarded as equal to men in social status.
C) Women were encouraged to be homemakers and discouraged from working.
D) Women were aided by the government's emphasis on birth control.
E) Women were required under pain of imprisonment to join the Black Shirts.

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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Which statement is correct regarding Hitler's anti-Semitic policies in the 1930s?


A) They centered on the forced emigration of all Jews from Germany.
B) They were emulated in France by the Popular Front.
C) They did not exclude Jews from working in legal, medical, and teaching positions.
D) They would remain minimal and unorganized until World War II.
E) They reached their most violent phase during Kristallnacht , with attacks on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. "degenerate art"

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"Degenerate Art" (in German, "Entartete ...

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Which Middle Eastern Muslim nation made a conscious effort to adopt Western secular culture after World War I?


A) Egypt
B) Iraq
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Palestine
E) Turkey

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The United States joined the League of Nations but refused to abide by its decisions and so had its membership revoked in 1922.

A) True
B) False

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How did nationalist movements shape developments in the Middle East, India, and Africa between World War I and World War II?

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Nationalist movements played a significa...

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Who were the Surrealists and what kind of art did they create? What were their central insights and ideas?

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The Surrealists were a group of artists ...

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Around what did culture in Nazi Germany center?


A) The use of modern, abstract forms to reflect Germany's "new order"
B) The functionalism of the Bauhaus school
C) Petty-bourgeois art, with sentimental and realistic scenes glorifying strong, heroic Aryans
D) Religious scenes influenced by Catholic dogma
E) Military themes at the expense of all other subjects

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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Leon Trotsky was the leading spokesman for the Left in the Politburo in 1924.

A) True
B) False

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