Question 1

Shelly was able to remember the names of three new class members for only a minute or two after they had been introduced to her. The new class members' names were briefly stored in her ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   Flashbulb
B)   Implicit
C)   short-term memory
D)   iconicE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Memory is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the conscious encoding of information.
B)   stored knowledge that has been semantically encoded.
C)   the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information.
D)   the retrieval of stored information in precisely the same form in which it wasE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 3

When Gordon Bower presented words grouped by category or in random order, recall was

Accepted Answer

A)   the same for all words.
B)   better for the categorized words.
C)   better for the random words.
D)   improved when participants developed their own mnemonic devices.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   chunking.
B)   the peg-word system.
C)   rehearsal.
D)   implicit memory.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Peterson and Peterson asked people to count aloud backward after they were presented with three consonants. This study finds that ________ memories will quickly disappear without active processing and rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

A)   long-term
B)   mood-congruent
C)   short-term
D)   flashbulbE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

An eyewitness to a bank robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)   recall
B)   relearning
C)   recognition
D)   reconstructionE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf several times each week on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between

Accepted Answer

A)   short-term memory and long-term memory.
B)   proactive interference and retroactive interference.
C)   explicit memory and implicit memory.
D)   recognition and recall.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Conscious rehearsal of what you just heard a friend tell you requires

Accepted Answer

A)   implicit memory.
B)   automatic processing.
C)   working memory.
D)   deep processing.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Context-dependent memory best illustrates that the specific location in which we learned something often provides us with effective

Accepted Answer

A)   spacing effects.
B)   peg-word systems.
C)   serial position effects.
D)   retrieval cues.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

The use of mnemonics such as the peg-word system illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   automatic processing.
B)   the self-reference effect.
C)   effortful processing.
D)   echoic memory.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 11

When asked how they felt 10 years ago regarding marijuana issues, people recalled attitudes closer to their current views than to those they actually reported a decade earlier. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   memory construction.
B)   proactive interference.
C)   the spacing effect.
D)   mood-congruent memory.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

For a fraction of a second after the lightning flash disappeared, Ileana retained a vivid mental image of its ragged edges. Her experience most clearly illustrates the nature of _______ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   iconic
B)   Flashbulb
C)   Procedural
D)   short-termE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Memory aids that involve the use of vivid imagery and clever ways of organizing material are called

Accepted Answer

A)   procedural memories.
B)   implicit memories.
C)   iconic memories.
D)   mnemonics.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information processing model did not consider the formation of

Accepted Answer

A)   short-term memories.
B)   implicit memories.
C)   sensory memories.
D)   long-term memories.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

The inability to remember how the side with Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in

Accepted Answer

A)   encoding.
B)   storage.
C)   retrieval.
D)   implicit memory.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Research reports of repression and recovered memories indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   people rarely recall memories of long-forgotten events.
B)   most extremely traumatic life experiences are never encoded in long-term memory.
C)   only those memories recovered with the help of a professional psychotherapist are likely to be reliable.
D)   extremely stressful life experiences are especially likely to be wellE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Psychologists on both sides of the controversy regarding reports of repressed and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse agree that

Accepted Answer

A)   repression is the most common mechanism underlying the failure to recall early childhood sexual abuse.
B)   we commonly recover memories of long-forgotten negative as well as positive events.
C)   the more stressful an experience is, the more quickly it will be consciously forgotten.
D)   professional therapists can reliably distinguish between their clients' true and false childhood memories.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

After having brain surgery to stop severe seizures, Henry Molaison could recall events he experienced prior to the surgery but was unable to form new conscious memories. Molaison's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   retrograde amnesia.
B)   proactive interference.
C)   anterograde amnesia.
D)   retroactive interference.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he heard of his grandfather's unexpected death. This best illustrates ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sensory
B)   Implicit
C)   flashbulb
D)   proceduralE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

A)   the spacing effect.
B)   the serial position effect.
C)   a mnemonic technique.
D)   implicit memory.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 8: Learning

Memory is best defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shelly was able to remember the names of three new class members for only a minute or two after they had been introduced to her. The new class members' names were briefly stored in her ________ memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Memory aids that involve the use of vivid imagery and clever ways of organizing material are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inability to remember how the side with Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An eyewitness to a bank robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists on both sides of the controversy regarding reports of repressed and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse agree that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Gordon Bower presented words grouped by category or in random order, recall was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a fraction of a second after the lightning flash disappeared, Ileana retained a vivid mental image of its ragged edges. Her experience most clearly illustrates the nature of _______ memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After having brain surgery to stop severe seizures, Henry Molaison could recall events he experienced prior to the surgery but was unable to form new conscious memories. Molaison's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research reports of repression and recovered memories indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When asked how they felt 10 years ago regarding marijuana issues, people recalled attitudes closer to their current views than to those they actually reported a decade earlier. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of mnemonics such as the peg-word system illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conscious rehearsal of what you just heard a friend tell you requires

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf several times each week on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peterson and Peterson asked people to count aloud backward after they were presented with three consonants. This study finds that ________ memories will quickly disappear without active processing and rehearsal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he heard of his grandfather's unexpected death. This best illustrates ________ memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information processing model did not consider the formation of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Context-dependent memory best illustrates that the specific location in which we learned something often provides us with effective

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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