Question 1

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic imprinting.
B)  the age of the donor cell.
C)  cell cycle problems.
D)  large offspring syndrome (LOS) .E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Which proteins are encoded by genes that code for the first mRNAs transcribed in Drosophila embryos?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gap and Pair-rule proteins
B)  Dorsal proteins
C)  Bicoid and Nanos proteins
D)  Caudal and Hunchback proteins
E)  Morphogen proteinsF) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

During which initial period of division in a zygote is there no increase in the overall size of the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitosis
B)  Cleavage
C)  Meiosis
D)  FertilizationE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Signal molecules that determine relative positions during development are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  inductors.
B)  organizers.
C)  cadherin domains.
D)  derepressers.
E)  morphogens.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Caenorhabditis elegans is an organism with exactly 959 somatic cells.This organism is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  fruit fly.
B)  earthworm.
C)  nematode.
D)  angiosperm.
E)  fungus.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 6

The term neoplasia refers to cell accumulation.Neoplasia can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  increased apoptosis.
B)  decreased apoptosis.
C)  blood clots.
D)  cell membrane interactions.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Check all of the main functions of MADS box-containing genes in plants.

Accepted Answer

A)  the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth
B)  root development
C)  generation of leaf form
D)  floral organ identityE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

If a Drosophila mother is mutant for dorsal,her embryos would

Accepted Answer

A)  develop normally.
B)  have a delay in the development of dorsal/ventral polarity.
C)  lack dorsal structures.
D)  lack ventral structures.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

In general,the blastomeres of the _____ form the endodermal tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  animal pole
B)  vegetal pole
C)  equator region
D)  membraneE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

What can be said about Drosophila development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paternal genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization.
B)  Zygotic genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization.
C)  Maternal genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization.
D)  Syncytial blastoderm genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mesenchyme
B)  Muscle
C)  Notochord
D)  Nerve cordE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm.The zygote undergoes many mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells (ie,blastomeres) called a blastula.What changes occur in this early cleavage?

Accepted Answer

A)  During the initial stages of cleavage,there is a tremendous increase in the number and size of blastomeres.
B)  During the initial stages of cleavage,there is a tremendous decrease in the number and size of blastomeres.
C)  During the initial stages of cleavage,there is a tremendous increase in the number of cells coupled with a decrease in the size of the cells composing the developing organism.
D)  During the initial stages of cleavage,there is no increase in the number of cells of the developing organism,but the size of the cells increases.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Briggs and King demonstrated nuclear transplantation in

Accepted Answer

A)  sheep.
B)  frogs.
C)  pigs.
D)  lizards.
E)  fish.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

When differentiation occurs,cells may also change in (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic content.
B)  size.
C)  shape.D) A) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 15

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,if the vegetal marginal cells lack a functional FGF receptor,which structure(s) will fail to develop? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Notochord
B)  Mesenchyme
C)  Muscle
D)  Nerve cordE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Cells that die of injury usually swell and then burst.Their contents are released into the extracellular fluid.This form of cell death is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis.
B)  necrosis.
C)  toti-latency.
D)  induction.
E)  encoded death.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

What was the most significant research finding that resulted from the successful cloning of Dolly?

Accepted Answer

A)  The key to cloning success is to pick a donor cell from very early in development.
B)  Cloned animals are capable of producing normal offspring.
C)  The nucleus of a fully-differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to be totipotent.
D)  Genetic imprinting,which occurs in adult reproductive tissue,can take months for sperm and years for eggs.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

What can be said about animal and vegetal poles?

Accepted Answer

A)  When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the animal pole cells become mesoderm.
B)  When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the vegetal pole cells become mesoderm.
C)  Isolated animal cells develop as endoderm.
D)  Isolated vegetal cells develop as ectoderm.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Cells that are programmed to die,shrivel and shrink in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis.
B)  necrosis.
C)  totipotency.
D)  induction.
E)  encoded death.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 20

What is the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  pair-rule genes,gap genes,segment polarity genes
B)  gap genes,pair-rule genes,segment polarity genes
C)  gap genes,segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes
D)  segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes,gap genesE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Which proteins are encoded by genes that code for the first mRNAs transcribed in Drosophila embryos?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells that die of injury usually swell and then burst.Their contents are released into the extracellular fluid.This form of cell death is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the most significant research finding that resulted from the successful cloning of Dolly?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a Drosophila mother is mutant for dorsal,her embryos would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briggs and King demonstrated nuclear transplantation in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What can be said about animal and vegetal poles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells that are programmed to die,shrivel and shrink in a process called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What can be said about Drosophila development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term neoplasia refers to cell accumulation.Neoplasia can be caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm.The zygote undergoes many mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells (ie,blastomeres) called a blastula.What changes occur in this early cleavage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,if the vegetal marginal cells lack a functional FGF receptor,which structure(s) will fail to develop? (Select all that apply)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When differentiation occurs,cells may also change in (Select all that apply)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Check all of the main functions of MADS box-containing genes in plants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Signal molecules that determine relative positions during development are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During which initial period of division in a zygote is there no increase in the overall size of the embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Caenorhabditis elegans is an organism with exactly 959 somatic cells.This organism is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general,the blastomeres of the _____ form the endodermal tissues.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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